Abstract: The prevalence of hypertension was observed in the population of Jiangsu Province for 10 years. The results showed that the prevalence rate of hypertension was obviously higher than that of 10 years before. The incidence of hypertension was increased by 60. 8% in male and 21. 9% in female in the city; 86. 8% in male and 38. 4% in female in rural areas.The prevalence of hypertension was markedly different with areas, sexes and ages. Great attention should be paid to the fact that the number of borderline hypertension in population of Jiangsu Province during the last 10 years increased remarkably. This phenomenon may be associated with psychological tension, improved quality and quantity of food intake, obesity,body weight increment, cigarette and alcohol over consumption, etc. We strongly suggest that the primary prevention of hypertension should be carried out effectively.