Abstract: The Post-stroke Antihypertensive Treatment Study（PATS）was a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial.It was aiming to determine whether antihypertensive treatment could reduce the risk of fatal and nonfatal stroke incidence in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack（TIA）.5665 patients were randomized 2841 to indapamide treatment, took 2.5mg indapamide per day; 2824 to placebo,took one tablet of placebo with a sealed enveclope system.Systolic blood pressure ranged from 80 to 280mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 50 to 150mmHg.The average systolic blood pressure was 154mmHg;average diastolic blood pressure,93mmHg.The mean age was 60 years,28％ were women,71% were reported that the latest strokes were ischemic.Average follow－up approximated to 2 years.The three-year average systolic blood pressure was 149mmHg for the placebo group and 144mmHg for the indapamide treatment group,and the three-year diastolic blood pressure was 89mmHg and 87mmHg,respectively.The theee-year first incidence of fatal and nonfatal stroke was 12.3％ for placebo treatment and 9.4％ for indapamide.The relative risk by proportional hazards regression analysis was 0.71（P=0.O009）.For deaths from all causes,the relative risk was O.91.The findings of this trial indicate that in patients with a history of stroke or TIA,blood pressure reduction of 5/2 mmHg with 2.5mg indapamide reduced the first incidence of fatal and nonfatal stroke by 29%,with three-year absolute benefit of 29 events per 1000 participants.