Abstract: Aim\ This study is conducted to compare the level of blood pressure（BP） and prevalence of hypertension between the old Yao people and Han people,and analyze the relation between height,weight,blood lipids, haemoglobin and the level of BP and the prevalence rate of hypertension.\ Methods\ Two randomized cohorts of old Yao people and Han people were surveyed. The sample data collection,diagnostic criteria were identical. Prevalence of hypertension,level of BP,smoking habit,alcohol and salt consumption,height,weight, blood lipids and heamoglobin in these two groups were compared.\ Results\ The height,weight, blood lipids and heamoglobinwere lower in Yao than Han old persons（P＞005）.The level of BP, prevalence rate of hypertension were lower in Yao than in Han elder people（P＞005） as well.\ Conclusion\ Our epidemiological survey showed that Low height,low blood lipids and low haemoglobin may decrese the risk of hypertension.Reasonable diet,more exercise,reduction of overweight,and appropriately lowering the blood lipids may decrease the prevalence of hypertension.