Abstract: Objective To study the relationship between peroxisome proliferator activated receptors（PPAR）α,δ,γ expression and cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats. Methods Twenty two Wistar male rats were divided at 2 months of age into two groups; control group received normal chow（NC）, the experimental group were fed with the high fat diet plus high salt（2%） supplied 49%of the calories. Body weight（BW）, blood pressure, FBG, plasma lipid and FINS levels were detected, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and glucose tolerance test were performed. Hearts were homogenized for detecting free fatty acid（FFA）levels and were isolated for histopathologic, morphometric examination and the ratio of heart weight to BW. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure（LVEDP）, left ventricular systolic pressure（LVSP） and left ventricular pressure maximal rising and declining velocities （±dp/dt - max ） were measured. PPARs proteins expression in heart were analyzed by Western blot. Results Cardiac remodeling was confirmed histologically by optical microscope. FFA levels in heart tissue were significantly increased in experimental rats compared those in NC （0.26±0.09 vs 0.15±0.03）mmol/L, P＜0.05 . PPARα, δ andγ proteins expression were significantly decreased in experimental rats compared with those in NC. In experimental rats, insulin resistance parameter （GIR） correlated negatively with the ratio of heart weight to BW. FFA levels in heart tissue correlated negatively with -dp/dt - max . Conclusion High fat anf high salt diet induced severe cardiac remodeling and impaired dysfunction. Reduced PPARs proteins expression associated with cardiac remodeling and dysfunction was likely attributed to fatty acids metabolism and MS.