Abstract: Objective To investigate the aortic remodeling and BKB₂ R mRNA level in rats with remnant kidneys. Methods Thirty-two rats were divided into sham-operation and experiment groups randomly （n=16）. The animal model was established through 2-stage 5/6 nephroctomy. The blood pressure and serum Cr were determined pre-operation and 15, 30, 60, 120 days after operation respectively. Eight animals in each group were sacrificed 1-month and 4-month after the second operation. Aortic BKB₂R mRNA was determined using RT-real time PCR. Paraffin embedded aorta was sliced to 3μm, and then sirius red staining for collagen. Results Blood pressure and serum Cr were increased significantly 15 days after 5/6 nephrotomy （180±22）mm Hg and （44.5±9.3）μmol/L, vs sham-operation group （109±11）mm Hg and （24.5±5.3）μmol/L, P＜0.01, respectively. Hypertension and azomia were sustainedtill 120 days without significant fluctuation. Aorta BKB₂ Rs （×10~3 copies）were declining in a time-dependent manner （22.48±6.26 at 1 month, 6.25±1.78 at 4 months, P＜0.05）. In experiment group, increases in aortic collagen after operation was significant especially 4-month after 5/6 nephrotomy. Conclusion A chronic renal failure rat model can be established 15 days after 5/6 nephrotomy and sustained more than 4 months. Aortic BKB₂ mRNA were down-regulated in the model, which was accompanied with significant aortic vessel remodeling.