糖尿病患者心血管病、肾病、眼底病变与血压及糖脂水平的关系

Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease,Kidney Disease,Retinopathy and Blood Pressure,Lipids Disorder,Blood Glucose Level in Chinese Diabetic Patients

  • 摘要: 目的分析不同收缩压、舒张压、血脂和血糖水平对糖尿病患者心血管并发症、糖尿病肾病(DKD)、背景性视网膜病变(BDR)和增殖性视网膜病变(PDR)的影响。方法糖尿病患者9258例,其中男性5058例,女性4200例,平均糖尿病病程34月(1~480月),年龄(55.1±11.7)岁,体质量指数(BMI)(25.8±3.4)kg/m2。按照收缩压和舒张压的水平进行分组,收缩压90~230mmHg,按照每20mmHg进阶进行分组;舒张压60~120mmHg,按每10mmHg进阶进行分组;比较不同血压水平对心血管疾病(CVD)、DKD、视网膜病变(DR)的患病率的影响。对于血胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平进行四分位分组,分析血脂、血HbA1c水平对糖尿病并发症的影响。结果不同血压水平的糖尿病患者年龄、病程有明显差异,随着年龄的增长和病程的延长,血压水平上升。随着收缩压和舒张压的升高,DR、CVD、DKD患病率明显增加。胆固醇水平在5.00~5.72和>5.72mmol/L的患者的CVD患病率明显高于血胆固醇水平<5.00mmol/L的患者;但只有血胆固醇>5.72mmol/L患者的DKD和BDR患病率明显高于<4.33mmol/L的患者。血三酰甘油水平>1.57mmol/L患者的CVD和DKD患病率均明显高于低于此水平的糖尿病患者,但不同三酰甘油水平对于BDR和PDR的患病率没有影响。LDL-C>3.01mmol/L患者的CVD和DKD患病率明显高于低于此水平者,但只有>3.60mmol/L患者的BDR和PDR患病率明显高于<1.07mmol/L的患者。根据HDL-C水平的四分位分组没有显示不同组别之间CVD、DKD和DR的差异。HbA1c≥6.5%的患者CVD、DKD和DR的患病率均明显高于低于此水平的患者。多元回归分析显示,BMI、HbA1c、糖尿病病程、三酰甘油、收缩压和舒张压是DKD的危险因素;BMI、HbA1c、收缩压、病程是DR的危险因素;BMI、HbA1c、年龄、收缩压和HDL-C是CVD的危险因素。结论高血压加速、加重糖尿病血管并发症的发生和发展。HbA1c≥6.5%、胆固醇>5.72mmol/L、LDL-C>3.60mmol/L时,糖尿病患者的CVD、DKD、BDR、PDR的患病率均明显增高。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the impacts of hypertension,lipid disorders,and hyperglycemia on major diabetic complications,cardiovascular diseases (CVD),kidney diseases (DKD) and retinopathy (DR). Methods A total of 9258 diabetic patients male 5058,female 4200,age (55.1±11.7)years,diabetes duration 1-480 months,BMI (25.8±3.4)kg/m2 were divided into groups based on their blood pressure levels (every 20 mm Hg increase of SBP from 90 to 230 mm Hg and every 10 mm Hg increase of DBP from 60 to 120 mm Hg ). Patients were also grouped based on quartiles of their blood lipids and glucose levels. Cardiovascular diseases,kidney diseases and diabetic retinopathy were compared and analyzed. CVD,DKD and DR were chosen as dependent variables respectively; age,disease durations,BMI,SBP,DBP,cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),LDL-C,HDL-C,and HbA1c as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. Results Blood pressure increased significantly with aging and longer duration of diabetes. The prevalence of CVD,DKD and DR were significantly higher in these groups with higher SBP or DBP. There was a higher prevalence of CVD in the patients with TC level 5.0-5.72 and >5.72 mmol/L than those with TC <5.0 mmol/L. When TG>1.57 mmol/L,the prevalence of CVD and DKD was increased,but no significant difference of DR prevalence was found in patients with different levels of TG. There were higher prevalence of CVD and DKD in patients with LDL-C>3.01 mmol/L than those with LDL-C <3.01 mmol/L. There was a higher prevalence of DR with LDL-C>3.01 mmol/L than those with the value <1.07 mmol/L. The influences of different levels of HDL-C on CVD,DKD and DR were no observed. There were higher prevalence of CVD,DKD and DR in patients with HbA1c≥6.5% than those with HbA1c<6.5%. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI,HbA1c,duration of diabetes,TG,SBP and DBP were risk factors for DKD; BMI,HbA1c,SBP and duration risk factors for DR; BMI,HbA1c,age SBP and HDL-C risk factors for CVD. Conclusions Hypertension aggravates the diabetic macro-and micro-vascular complications. The prevalence of CVD,DN,and DR was significantly higher when the patients with HbA1c≥6.5%,TC>5.72 mmol/L,LDL-C>3.6 mmol/L.

     

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