Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of E26transformation-specific-1（Ets-1）and its downstream target gene expression product monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1）in arterial tissues,and to explore their roles in vascular remolding of essential hypertensive patients. Methods From July 2010to December 2010,samples of arteries from hypertensive patients（hypertensive group,n=17）and normotensive controls（normotensive group,n=16）after surgeries were collected in Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University（First People’s Hospital of Hefei）. The protein and mRNA levels of Ets-1and MCP-1in artery tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）. Results As compared with the normotensive group,the protein expressions of Ets-1and MCP-1in hypertensive mesenteric arteries（186.4±2.4）vs（102.8±1.9）;（115.3±1.0）vs（83.2±0.7）and intercostals arteries（153.4±2.0）vs（101.2±1.6）;（122.4±0.8）vs（70.1±0.6）,all P＜0.05increased markedly. So did the mRNA levels of Ets-1and MCP-1.A positive correlation between Ets-1and MCP-1in arterial tissues of hypertensive patients was found by Pearson correlation analysis with r=0.87in mesenteric arteries and r=0.83in intercostal arteries（all P ＜0.01）.Conclusions Compared with the normotensive group,the expressions of Ets-1and MCP-1are significantly up-regulated in vessel tissues of hypertensive patients. Furthermore,the expression of Ets-1and MCP-1is positively correlated.Which implicates that Ets-1,MCP-1may play an important role in vascular remolding of essential hypertension.