Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of long-term regular vitamin D intervention on renin and renin receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods A total of 20spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into two groups（n=10）. The experimental group received 3μg/kg vitamin D3dissolved in 0.5mL propylene glycol by intraperitoneal injection（twice a week）for 12weeks,and the control group was given equal volume of propylene glycol alone. Blood pressure was measured every week. The level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D325-（OH）D3,calcium,renin and 24hours urinary albumin were determined. The mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor（VDR）,renin and renin receptor in kidney of the two groups were detected by RT-PCR. Distribution of renin receptor and pathological changes in kidney and heart were examined by immunohistochemical and HE staining.Results Compared with those of control group,the systolic blood pressure（156±9）vs（170±8）mm Hg,P＜0.05,serum renin（232.7±18.8）vs（263.2±32.8）ng/L,P＜0.05and 24hours urinary albumin （0.50±0.36）vs（0.83±0.44）mg,P＜0.05of experimental group were lower,while the serum concentration of25-（OH）D3and calcium in experimental group were higher（117.5±13.7）vs（68.2±12.2）μg/L,（2.34±0.10）vs（2.15±0.16）mmol/L,all P＜0.05. After the treatment with vitamin D,the VDR mRNA expression was significantly increased（0.595±0.053）vs（0.461±0.048）,P＜0.05,but the renin mRNA expression in kidney wasmarkedly decreased（0.133±0.007）vs（0.316±0.012）,P＜0.05. Renin receptor was widely distributed in heart,vessels and kidney,but there was no statistic significant difference of the receptor expression between the two groups（P＞0.05）. HE staining showed that hypertensive pathological changes in control group was more obvious than that in experimental group. Conclusion Treatmemt with vitamin D could inhibit renin expression and attenuate the damage of kidney in spontaneously hypertensive rats,but exert no effects on renin receptor expression in the kidney.