Abstract: Objective To evaluate the differences of vascular function damage between hypertensive patients and hypertensives with type 2diabetes mellitus. Methods A cohort of 716essential hypertensive inpatients and outpatients aged（60.8±8.9）on average,including 432hypertensive patients and 284hypertensive patients with type 2diabetes mellitus,was recruited. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity（cfPWV）measurement,pulse wave analysis（PWA）measurementcentral systolic blood pressure（CSBP）,central diastolic blood pressure（CDBP）,central pulse pressure（CPP）,central augmentation pressure（CAP）and augmentation index,large and small artery elasticity index（C1,C2）measurement and carotid arterial ultrasonography measurementinter-media thickness（IMT）and carotid artery plaquewere used to observe the arterial function and structure detection indicators of hypertensive patients and hypertensives with type 2diabetes mellitus. Results The age,smoking rate,body mass index（BMI）,hypertension duration,fast glucose and triglyceride were higher（all P＜0.05）;The brachial pulse pressure（BPP）,CPP,CAP,cfPWV and IMT were increased（all P＜0.05）in hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus group compared with those in hypertension group. After adjustments for age,gender,heart rate,hypertension duration,smoking,medication,BMI and brachial arterial systolic blood pressure（BSBP）,compared with those inhypertension group,the cfPWV （13.0±2.6）vs（12.6±2.7）m/s,P=0.029,BPP （62.2±8.5）vs（59.8±9.2）mm Hg,P=0.001and IMT（0.79±0.20）vs（0.74±0.18）mm,P=0.002were increased in the hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus group. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age（P＜0.01）,BSBP（P＜0.01）,heart rate（P＜0.01）and hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus（P=0.02）were factors that influenced cfPWV when cfPWV,IMT were taken as continuous variates. Age,total cholesterol,smoking and hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus were the risk factors for IMT（all P＜0.01）. After taking hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus as dependent variable,multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that cfPMV and IMT were risk factors of hypertensive patients with type 2diabetes mellitus（OR=1.324,1.295;respectively）.Conclusions The cfPWV and IMT in hypertensive patients with type 2diabetes mellitus are all evidently increased.The clinical significance of CAP,augmentation index,C1and C2on evaluating hypertension with type 2diabetes mellitus need further study.