Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy（LVH）and the vasodilatation of anterior tibial artery and related factors. Methods A total of 307outpatients with essential hypertension（EH）were enrolled,and 39normotensive outpatients served as controls. Before the enrollment,body height and weight,heart rate and blood pressure were recorded for all the patients. Plasma biochemical indexes were determined,echocardiographic examination was conducted,and left ventricular mass index（LVMI）was calculated. The dilatation of anterior tibial artery induced by reactive hyperemia and nitroglycerin was examined by high-resolution vascular ultrasound,and was then defined as endothelium-dependent dilatationthe diameter under the pressure（D1）-baseline diameter（D0）/D0×100%（EDD）and endothelium-independent dilatation(the diameter after taking nitroglycerin（D2）-D0/D0×100%（EID）. According to the diagnostic criteria of LVH（LVMI≥125g/m2 for males or LVMI≥110g/m2 for females）,the EH patients were divided into non-LVH group（n=217）and LVH group（n=90）. Results The levels of EDD （6.99±6.62）% vs（8.76±6.69）%,（10.96±7.25）%and EID （12.51±9.44）% vs（17.19±11.92）%,（18.87±9.09）%were much lower in LVH group than those in nonLVH group and control group（all P＜0.05）. Multivariable stepwise regression analysis indicated that EDD and EID interacted with each other,and left ventricular mass（LVM）,baseline diameter of the target artery,and hypertension duration had an influence on EID,while EID,heart rate and hypertension duration had an influence on LVMI. Conclusion The vasodilatation of anterior tibial artery in EH patients with LVH is obviously reduced than in those without LVH. There is a close relation between LVMI and vasodilatation,as well as between EDD and EID.