Abstract: Objective To observe the morphology changes of gallbladder arteries and investigate the mechanism of calcium handling genes involved in remodeling. Methods A total of 21patients with biliary calculus who underwent cholecystectomy at department of hepatobiliary surgery in Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College from Jun,2011to Mar,2012were divided into control group（n=11,normal blood pressure）and hypertensive group（n=10）. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the morphology changes of arteries. The intimamedia thickness（IMT）,intimal cross-sectional area（ICSA）,medial cross-sectional area（MCSA）,collagen volume fraction（CVF）of intimal and media were analyzed by computer image analysis system. The expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）and proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）were detected by immunohistochemical technique. The mRNA expression levels of embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain（SMemb）and calcium handling genes were detected by realtime PCR. Results Compared with control group,IMT （79.5±4.7）vs（51.2±4.3）μm,IMT to internal diameter ratio（IMT/ID）（0.25±0.02vs 0.17±0.01）,ICSA to internal diameter ratio（ICSA/ID）（67.7±9.2vs 39.6±8.7）and MCSA to internal diameter ratio（MCSA/ID）（242.4±20.7vs153.3±19.7）were increased in hypertensive group（all P＜0.05）;Compared with control group,in intima or media of artery,CVF（0.36±0.03vs 0.17±0.03;0.36±0.02vs 0.28±0.02,all P＜0.05）and cell proliferation index（0.61±0.05 vs 0.36±0.05;0.73±0.05vs 0.54±0.05,all P＜0.05）were increased in hypertension subjects;in media of artery,the mRNA expression of SMemb,sodium pumpα1subunit and transient receptor potential channels（TRPC）1,3were increased,while sodium pumpα3subunit and plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4were decreased in hypertensive group（all P＜0.05）. Conclusion This study provides evidences that hypertension is associated with the remodeling of the gallbladder artery. The phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cell and the abnormal expression of the calcium handling genes may play an important role in the arterial remodeling.