Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes of serum adiponectin and homeostasis model assessment-2of insulin resistance（HOMA2-IR）and their relationship in newly-diagnosed type 2diabetic patients accompanied with hypertension. Methods Healthy controls（control group,n=31）,newly-diagnosed hypertensive patients without diabetes（HT group,n=41）,newly-diagnosed type 2diabetic patients without hypertension（DM group,n=46）,and newly-diagnosed type 2diabetic patients accompanied with hypertension（DMHT group,n=45）were recruited.Fasting plasma glucose（FPG）,fasting insulin（FINS）,serum adiponectin and other metabolic biomarkers were determined. HOMA2-IR was calculated as the index of insulin resistance. Results HOMA2-IR was significantly higher in DMHT group than in DM,HT and control group（3.49±2.01 vs 2.10±1.33,1.53±0.65 and 0.66±0.19,respectively,all P＜0.01）. By contrast,serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in DMHT group than in DM,HT and control groups（2.24±0.87）vs（2.82±1.24）,（3.74±1.50）and（5.59±1.95）mg/L,respectively,all P＜0.05. Pearson correlation analyses showed that serum adiponectin was negatively associated with HOMA2-IR,FPG,body mass index（BMI）,FINS,2hour postprandial plasma glucose（PPG）,hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c）,triglycide（TG）,systolic blood pressure（SBP）,diastolic blood pressure（DBP）and pulse pressure（PP）（all P＜0.01）. Multiple regression analyses revealed that BMI,PPG,SBP,TG,FINS,HbA1 cand HOMA2-IR were independent risk factors for serum adiponectin（all P＜0.01）. Conclusion Type 2diabetic patients with hypertension had more severe insulin resistance and lower serum adiponectin than those without. In addition,HOMA2-IR,serum glucose,lipids,blood pressure and obesity are closely related with the changes of serum adiponectin.