Abstract: Objective To examine the vitamin D status in Uyghur adults residing in Xinjiang,and to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D25（OH）Dand blood pressure. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 945 Uyghur adults（581males and 364females）. For each participant,anthropometric indexes were recorded and the concentrations of serum 25（OH）D,glucose and lipid profiles were measured. All participants were stratified according to age,body mass index,vitamin D status,the presence or absence of hypertension,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for serum 25（OH）D. Results The median concentration of serum 25（OH）D was 10.4（interquartile range:6.5to 15.2）μg/L. The morbidity of 25（OH）D deficiency and insufficiency was 91.2% and 5.8%,respectively.Only 3.0% of participants had abundant 25（OH）D. Women had a lower 25（OH）D concentration than men（H=11.77,P＜0.01）. All participants were classified into four groups（30to ＜40,40 to ＜50,50 to ＜60and ≥60years-old）according to age. There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure（H=50.13,P＜0.01）and diastolic blood pressure（H=24.45,P＜0.01）,as well as the rate of hypertension（χ2=98.15,P＜0.01）among four groups. Based on 25（OH）D status,all participants were classified into the deficiency,insufficiency and abundance groups,and there were significant differences in systolic blood pressure（H=11.71,P＜0.01）,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（H=8.72,P＜0.01）,2-hour postprandial glucose（H=11.00,P＜0.01）and triglyceride（H=3.91,P＜0.05）among three groups. In contrast,there was no significant difference in 25（OH）D concentration between participants with and without hypertension（P＞0.05）. According to systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels,all participants without hypertension were classified into the normal group and the normal high value group,and the detection rate of 25（OH）D deficiency was higher in the normal high value group than in the normal group（94.5% vs 90.0%,P ＜0.01）. A multifactor-regression analysis revealed that age（B =-0.005,P=0.004）,female gender（B=-0.353,P＜0.001）,systolic blood pressure（B=-0.004,P=0.001）and 2-hour postprandial glucose（B=-0.041,P=0.007）were independently associated with 25（OH）D status.Conclusions More than 95% Uyghur adults in Xinjiang suffered from 25（OH）D insufficiency or deficiency.Serum 25（OH）D concentration is negatively associated with age,female gender,systolic blood pressure and 2-hour postprandial glucose.