Abstract: Objective To investigate the preventive effects of alprostadil on contrast-induced acute kidney injury（CIAKI）in patients with hypertension after percutaneous coronary intervention（PCI）operation. Methods A total of 300 patients complicated with coronary heart disease and hypertension were consecutively enrolled from Department of Cardiology,Tianjin Chest Hospital. They underwent PCI and were randomly divided into alprostadil group（n=150）and control group（n=150）. Patients in control group received hydration therapy,and those in alprostadil group received 20μg alprostadil,100 mL saline and hydration therapy 0.5-1.0hbefore operation and 3days after operation. The levels of blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,creatinine clearance rate（Ccr）,β₂-microglobulin（β₂-GM）,C-reactive protein（CRP）and interleukin-6（IL-6）were detected before and 72 hafter PCI operation.The incidence of CIAKI was recorded in both groups. Results There was no statistical difference in the levels of blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,Ccr,β₂-GM,CRP,and IL-6before PCI（P＞0.05）. 72 hafter PCI,the levels ofβ₂-GM,CRP,IL-6were increased compared to preoperation. Meanwhile,the concentration ofβ₂-GM,CRP,IL-6were lowerβ₂-GM（2.93±0.83）vs（3.37±0.70）mg/L,CRP（1.52±0.51）vs（1.98±0.64）mmol/L,IL-6（135.45±31.39）vs（144.48±32.41）ng/L,while Ccr was higher（74.28±10.27）vs（71.50±11.35）mL/minin the alprostadil group than those in control group（all P＜0.05）. The incidence of CIAKI in alprostadil group was lower than that in control group（2.7% vs 8.7%,χ~2=5.05,P＜0.05）. No adverse events such as hypotension occurred in alprostadil group. Conclusion Alprostadil may be beneficial in the prevention of CIAKI after PCI.