糖化血红蛋白在高血压人群糖代谢异常诊断切点的探讨

Appropriate cut point of glycosylated hemoglobin A1cfor the diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients

  • 摘要: 目的探索高血压患者中,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)诊断糖代谢异常的切点。方法采用非随机整群抽样入选无糖代谢异常病史的高血压患者,进行横断面研究。各家医院HbA1c检测均执行卫生部临检中心质控标准。测定患者口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)空腹、OGTT 2h血糖和HbA1c水平。分别以OGTT空腹血糖≥5.6和≥7.0mmol/L作为空腹血糖受损和空腹糖尿病的标准,以OGTT 2h血糖7.8~<11.1mmol/L和OGTT 2h血糖≥11.1mmol/L作为糖耐量受损和糖尿病的诊断标准。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价HbA1c在国人高血压患者对糖尿病和糖尿病前期的诊断切点。结果本研究共入选患者687(男410、女277)例,平均年龄60.9岁。以OGTT空腹和(或)2h血糖确诊糖尿病的比例为39.0%。单纯测定空腹血糖,糖尿病的检出率仅为17.5%;将漏诊55.2%的糖尿病患者;在OGTT空腹血糖受损患者中,通过OGTT 2h血糖测定,可多检出44.6%的糖尿病患者。以HbA1c≥6.5%作为糖尿病的诊断切点时,糖尿病的检出率为32.9%。ROC曲线分析显示,HbA1c=5.8%时诊断糖尿病前期的敏感度和特异度最佳;HbA1c=6.2%时诊断糖尿病的敏感度和特异度之和最大。结论高血压患者糖代谢异常患病率高,且被大量漏诊,故对高血压患者应常规筛查糖代谢异常。建议在高血压患者HbA1c诊断糖尿病前期和糖尿病的切点分别采用5.8%和6.2%。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the proper cut point of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)for the diagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients. Methods Hypertensive patients without previous history of abnormal glucose metabolism were enrolled by non-randomized cluster sampling. The method of HbA1 cdetermination was consistent with quality control standards of National Center for Clinical Laboratories. The levels of HbA1 c,fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)2-hour blood glucose were determined. Impaired fasting glucose and fasting diabetes were defined as fasting blood glucose≥5.6and ≥7.0 mmol/L,respectively. Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus were defined as OGTT 2-hour blood glucose within the range of 7.8-11.1mmol/L and≥11.1mmol/L,respectively. The cut points of HbA1 cfor the diagnoses of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus were determined by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve. Results A total of 687 qualified patients(410male,277female)were included in this study with an average age of 60.9years old. Patients with diabetes mellitus accounted for 39.0% of the study patients,who were diagnosed according to OGTT fasting and/or 2hblood glucose. However,only 17.5% of patients were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus based on the fasting glucose alone,which meaned that the missed diagnosis rate was 55.2%.In patients with impaired fasting glucose,OGTT could identify 44.6% more patients with diabetes mellitus. If HbA1c≥6.5% was used as the cut point to diagnose diabetes mellitus,32.9%of the study patients could be diagnosed.ROC curve showed that HbA1c=5.8% was associated with the largest sum of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes,and HbA1c=6.2% was associated with the largest sum of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion The prevalence rate and missed diagnosis rate of abnormal glycometabolism were very high in hypertensive patients. Routine screening for abnormal glycometabolism should be carried out among hypertensive patients. In hypertensive patients,HbA1c=5.8% and 6.2% could be recommended as the cut points for the diagnosis of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus,repectively.

     

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