Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of physical exercise on the endothelial repair capacity of endothelial progenitor cells（EPC）and endothelial function in elderly healthy men. Methods Fifty-two elderly healthy male subjects without clinical evidences of cardiovascular risk factors and without concomitant medications were enrolled into the study. All subjects were randomly divided into control group（67.8±3.8）years old,n=24or treatment group（68.9±4.1）years old,n=28. Subjects of treatment group underwent a 12 weeks of modified Bruce treadmill exercise test（30min/d for 3days per week）. EPC were isolated from peripheral blood of all subjects by density gradient centrifugation method and cultured. The migration of EPC was detected by modified Boyden chamber assay and the adhesion of EPC was evaluated by calculating the number of fluorescently labeled EPC adhered to human umbilical vein endothelial cells before and after exercise test. Nude mice carotid arterial intimal injury model was used to observe reendothelialization capacity in vivo of EPC. And flow-mediated dilatation（FMD）of subjects were observed before and after 12weeks’ Bruce treadmill exercise test. Results FMD level was higherafter exercise:（8.6±2.2）% vs before exercise:（6.7±1.4）%;P＜0.01,the migration and adhesion function were improved,and the reendothelialization area of EPC was bigger after exercise:（53.4±9.1）% vs before exercise（35.9±4.9）%;P＜0.01in healthy elderly subjects after 12weeks’ physical exercise than before exercise. Pearson correlation analysis showed that improved FMD was positively correlated with the increased reendothelialization area of EPC（r=0.88,P＜0.01）. However,the FMD,in vitro and in vivo functional activities of EPC from control group had no significant statistical difference. Conclusion Physical exercise improves obviously endothelial function in elderly healthy men,which may result from enhancement of endothelial repair capacity.