Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation and the association of self-management behaviors with medication adherence in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 596 hypertensive patients were enrolled from eight community health service centers in Shunyi District of Beijing. The cross-sectional survey was conducted by aquestionnaire,which covered demographic characteristics,the basic situation of hypertension,self-management behaviors（containing 8 items:intentionally limiting salt,pickled foods consumption,vegetables intake,30 minutes of physical activity,physical exercise,smoking,drinking and getting angry）and Morisky medication adherence scale. Results The proportion of high medication compliance（Morisky medication compliance score was 8 points）was 31.9%in all the patients（190/596,95% CI 28.1%-35.6%）. The score of self-management behavior on physical exercise was at a low level,and the median(P₂₅-P₇₅)was 1（0-7）point. The associations of age and duration of medication with medication adherence showed significant linear trends according to the trend Chi-square test（ageχ2=9.767,duration of medicationχ2=10.295,both P＜0.05）. The Mann-Whitney Utest showed that compared to male patients,female patients had better self-management behaviors,including intentionally limiting salt,eating pickled foods,30 minutes of physical activity,smoking,alcohol drinking and total scores（P＜0.05）. Eating pickled foods（Hc=6.443,P=0.040）,30 minutes of physical activity（Hc=6.432,P=0.040）and getting angry（Hc=8.472,P=0.014）were related to medication adherence according to the Kruskal-Wallis Htest. The ordinal ploytomous logistic regression analysis revealed that the patients aged 60 years and older had higher medication adherence than those aged 49 years and younger（OR=1.919,95% CI1.089-3.387）,the patients who participated in the socialized medicine and urban employees basic medical insurance system had higher medication adherence than those who participated in the new-type rural cooperative medical scheme（OR=1.910,95% CI 1.228-2.968）,the patients with 10-＜20 years of medication duration had higher medication adherence than those with less than 5 years of medication duration（OR=1.839,95% CI 1.231-2.748）,and the patients who experienced less number of getting angry days in one week had higher medication adherence（OR=1.112,95% CI 1.018-1.215）.Conclusion Self-management behaviors,especially high salt diet,physical activity and emotion management,had close relationships with medication adherence in patients with hypertension,and comprehensive intervention in patients’ lifestyle and medicine treatment was needed.