Abstract: Objective To explore the role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9（PCSK9）in hyperlipemia of nephrotic syndrome and the effects of lovastatin intervention. Methods Eighteen male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,nephropathic group and statin treatment group（n=6）. Nephrotic rat models were established by single injection of adriamycin（7 mg/kg）via tail vein,while the control group was given saline injection by the same dosage. After two weeks,lovastatin treatment group was given by intragastric administration with lovastatin（20 mg/kg,×2 weeks）. The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor（LDLR）and PCSK9 in rat liver tissues were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Q-PCR）and Western-blot analysis,and blood biochemical indexes were measured. Results Serum albumin in nephrotic syndrome group was lower than in control group,and there was no significant difference between control group and statin treatment groups.Levels of serum creatinine and triglycerid（TG）had no statistical difference among three groups.The levels of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）in control group and lovastatin treatment group were significantly lower than in nephrotic syndrome group（1.18±0.14）,（3.29±1.84）vs（8.39±5.57）mmol/L;（0.30±0.25）,（0.63±0.54）vs（1.34±0.70）mmol/L;all P＜0.05. The expression of LDLR mRNA had no statistical difference among three groups. Compared with normal control group,the other two groups presented a significant elevation of mRNA and protein expression of PCSK9 in liver. Additionally,there was a marked up-regulation of PCSK9 in lovastatin treatment group compared with nephrotic syndrome group. Conclusion Hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome is associated with up-regulation of PCSK9,and statin treatment can further increase the expression of PCSK9.