Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25（OH）D with urinary microalbumin, plasma creatinine, cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate（eGFR） in patients with essential hypertension（EH）. Methods A total of 510 EH patients in Henan Province People’s Hospital were recruited. And they were divided into vitamin D deficiency group 25（OH）D＜50 nmol/L（20 μg/L）, n=408 and non-deficiency group 25（OH）D≥50 nmol/L, n=102 according to the level of serum 25（OH）D detected by electrochemiluminescence. The differences of urinary microalbumin, serum creatinine, cystatin C and eGFR between the two groups were compared. Results The urinary microalbumin 3.96（0-28.76） vs 0（0-12.44） mg/L, P＜0.05 and cystatin C 0.81（0.73-0.90） vs 0.75（0.65-0.83）, P＜0.05 were higher, while eGFR 96.4（90.3-101.2） vs 110.8（106.4-120.0）mL/min, P＜0.05 was lower in deficiency group, as compared with vitamin D non-deficiency group. There was no significant difference in creatinine levels between the two groups. Correlation analysis showed that vitamin D level was negatively correlated with urinary microalbumin, cystatin C, and positively correlated with eGFR. Multivariate liner analysis showed that 25（OH）D, 24 h average heart rate（24 h-HR） and fasting plasma glucose（FPG） were the independent related factors（IRF） of urinary microalbumin（β=-0.105, 0.184, 0.198, all P＜0.01）; 25（OH）D, age and 24 h-HR were IRF of cystatin C（β=0.169,-0.237, 0.213, all P＜0.01）; 25（OH）D, age were IRF of eGFR（both P＜0.01）. After further grouped by age, it was found that in subjects aged less than 60 years old, 25（OH）D, drinking and 24 h-HR were IRF of urinary microalbumin; 25（OH）D and average systolic blood pressure were IRF of cystatin C（all P＜0.05）. In subjects who were greater than or equal to 60-year-old, 24 h-HR, drinking, FBG, 25（OH）D were IRF of urinary microalbumin; 25（OH）D, 24 h-HR, smoking and drinking were IRF of cystatin C（all P＜0.05）; 25（OH）D was IRF of eGFR. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in EH patients and is independently related to kidney damage.