Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of prenatal chronic hypoxia on the growth and development of important organs and vessels in the offspring rats. Methods Twenty-five pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into whole, early, middle and late prenatal hypoxia group and control group, with 5 rats in each group. Ten offspring rats were randomly selected from each group at the age of 1 day, and 5 rats were randmomly selected in each gender at the age of 3 months and 6 months. The body mass and mass of main organs of rats were measured. Fasting blood glucose（FBG） was measured by blood glucose meter, fasting serum insulin（FINS） was measured by radioimmunoassay, and insulin resistance index was measured by homeostasis model assessment（HOMA-IR）. The pathological changes of heart and kidney were observed by HE staining. The pathological changes of muscle fibers and collagen fibers in aorta, carotid artery and femoral artery were analyzed by Masson trichromatic staining. Results Offspring rats in hypoxia groups showed low birth weight, especially in those from early prenatal hypoxia group （5.26±0.81） vs control group（6.55±0.32）g, P＜0.01, and showed a "catch-up growth phenomenon" in adulthood. There was no significant difference in body mass between the hypoxia groups and the control group at the age of 6 months（P＞0.05）. Abortion rate of pregnant mice, newborn rat mortality and infant rat mortality were significantly increased in the hypoxia groups, but there was no significant difference（P＞0.05）. The main viscera organs showed disproportionate growth: the heart mass index of offspring rats in hypoxia groups were significantly higher than control group whole prenatal hypoxia group（0.54±0.05）%, early prenatal hypoxia group（0.54±0.06）%, middle prenatal hypoxia group（0.55±0.05）%, late prenatal hypoxia group（0.53±0.08）% vs control group（0.43±0.07）%, P＜0.05, while the liver mass index was lower than control group（P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference of lung and kidney mass index between hypoxia groups and the control group（P＞0.05）. With the growth and development, the heart and liver mass index gradually returned to normal, while the kidney mass index at the age of 3 months was significantly lower than that of control group（P＜0.05）, and the difference persisted till the age of 6 months. The expressions of FBG and HOMA-IR of both the whole and early pregnancy hypoxia group were higher than those of the control group（P＜0.05）. Prenatal chronic hypoxia lead to collagen fibers proliferation, atrophy of patrial muscle fiber and fibrin deposition of aorta, carotid and femoral arteries. Conclusions Chronic pregnancy hypoxia maybe lead to low birth weight of offspring, higher abortion rate, neonatal mortality rate, mortality rate of offspring rats, higher blood glucose, insulin resistance, disproportionate growth of organs, and morphological changes of blood vessels.