Abstract: Objective To explore the association between Oolong tea and arterial stiffness. Methods Four communities were selected from 54 communities in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province by cluster random method, brachial-ankle artery pulse wave velocity（baPWV） and ankle-arm blood pressure index（ABI） were measured once at baseline status and once at follow-up after a mean of 3.4 years for each of the 4 358 individuals enrolled, and univariate and multivariate analyses by generalized estimating equations were performed to determine whether the amount of tea consumed, the time of tea consumed, and the amount and time of tea consumed interaction were associated with baPWV and ABI. Results Compared with non-drink Oolong tea population, Oolong tea drinkers had lower baPWV at baseline （1 423.4±347.3） vs（1 551.6±345.5） cm/s, t=11.09, P＜0.01 and follow-up （1 433.2±339.4） vs（1 567.8±365.5）, t=11.63, P＜0.01. Compared with baseline, there was no significant change of baPWV and ABI at follow-up in Oolong tea drinkers（both P＞0.05）, but baPWV and ABI were higher in follow-up in non-drink Oolong tea population（both P＜0.05）. Multivariate generalized estimating equation（GEE） analysis showed that compared with drinking Oolong tea for less than 10 years, drinking Oolong tea for 10 years or more could effectively reduce the risk of high ABI（＞1.4） and high baPWV（≥1 400 cm/s）, which was 0.955 times（P=0.003） and 0.939 times（P=0.035）, respectively. Compared with drinking below 20 g/d, drinking 20 g/d or more effectively reduced the risk of high ABI and high baPWV, which was 0.932 times（P＜0.001） and 0.933 times（P=0.038）, respectively. Conclusion Oolong tea may have a protective effect against arterial stiffness, especially in those who habitually consume tea for more than 10 years and 20 g/d.