Abstract: Hypertension, as a global health challenge, is closely related to immune system dysfunction, with inflammation playing a central role. This article focuses on the multidimensional role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in hypertension, systematically explaining its promotion of hypertension occurrence and development through mechanisms such as vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory remodeling, renal sodium metabolism disorder and fibrosis, central sympathetic nervous system overactivation, and intestinal microbiota imbalance. The therapeutic strategies targeting IL-17A, such as monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory drugs, have shown potential in lowering blood pressure in animal models, but their clinical translation still requires more evidence to support. This article aims to provide new theoretical basis and potential intervention targets for immunomodulatory therapy of hypertension.