福州市中老年人慢性疾病患病数量与预防行为的关系

The relationship between the number of chronic diseases and preventive behaviors in middle-aged and elderly people in Fuzhou

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的  探讨福州市中老年人慢性疾病患病数量与预防行为的关系，进而为有针对性的慢性疾病预防和控制策略提供科学依据。
    方法  研究为横断面研究设计。在2019年11—12月参加调查并符合纳入和排除标准的4 453人中选取2 095人（年龄≥45岁）作为研究对象。调查内容涵盖社会人口学特征、健康信念和预防行为。采用多元线性回归分析方法分析慢性疾病患病数量与预防行为的关系。
    结果  未患有慢性疾病的占比44.0%（922/2 095），23.2%（487/2 095）的参与者患有1种慢性疾病，16.8%（352/2 095）患有2种慢性疾病，15.9%（334/2 095）患有3种及以上慢性疾病。研究对象预防行为得分为（43.85±5.89）分。单因素分析表明，性别、年龄、工作状态、居住地区、慢性疾病患病数量及健康信念得分影响预防行为得分（均P＜0.05）。患≥3种慢性疾病的患者（42.92±6.21）预防行为得分低于未患病（44.23±5.71）和患1种慢性疾病（44.12±5.82）的患者（均P＜0.05）。脑卒中、高脂血症、癌症、消化系统、肌肉骨骼系统、泌尿生殖系统患病影响预防行为得分（均P＜0.05）。在控制社会人口学特征后，多元线性回归分析结果显示，患2种（β=−0.070，P=0.001）及3种及以上（β=−0.127，P＜0.001）慢性疾病的个体预防行为得分低于未患病的个体。趋势性检验结果显示，随着慢性疾病患病数量的增加，预防行为的分数呈现下降趋势（P＜0.001）。
    结论  慢性疾病患病数量影响中老年人的预防行为表现。与未患病比，患有2种及以上慢性疾病的中老年人预防行为表现较差。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the relationship between the number of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and preventive behaviors among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Fuzhou, providing evidence for targeted strategies evidence in chronic disease prevention and control.
    Methods This study used a cross-sectional design. Among the 4 453 participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent the survey from November to December 2019, 2 095 individuals aged 45 years and above were selected for statistical analysis. The contents of the survey included sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs, and preventive behaviors. Multiple linear regression was performed to test the relationship between the number of NCDs and preventive behaviors.
    Results 44.0% (922/2 095) of the participants did not have NCDs, 23.2% (487/2 095) had one NCD, 16.8% (352/2 095) had two NCDs, and 15.9% (334/2 095) had three or more NCDs. The overall score of preventive behaviors was 43.85±5.89. Univariate analyses revealed that factors such as gender, age, employment status, residential area, number of NCDs, and health belief scores were significantly correlated to preventive behavior scores (all P＜0.05).The preventive behavior scores of individuals with three or more chronic diseases (42.92±6.21) were lower than those without chronic diseases (44.23±5.71) and those with one chronic disease (44.12±5.82) (all P＜0.05). Specific conditions including stroke, hyperlipidemia, cancers, digestive system, musculoskeletal system and genitourinary system diseases also impacted preventive behavior scores (all P＜0.05). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, multiple linear regression showed that individuals with two NCDs (β=−0.070, P=0.001) and those with three or more NCDs (β=−0.127, P＜0.001) exhibited lower preventive behaviors scores compared to those without NCDs. The trend test indicated that the number of NCDs increased with the preventive behavior score decreased (P＜0.001).
    Conclusions The number of NCDs affects the preventive behavior of middle-aged and elderly people. Compared with those who have no NCDs, middle-aged and elderly people with two or more NCDs have poorer preventive behavior.

     

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