智能化健康教育模型对高血压合并慢性肾脏病患者的管理效果

Management effect of an intelligent health education model in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨智能化健康教育模型对高血压合并慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者的管理效果。
    方法 2021年1月至2023年1月采用“分组隐藏 + 统计人员盲态”的盲法方案,入选武汉市第四医院诊断为高血压合并CKD的患者680例。将患者分为常规组和智能化组,每组340例。常规组采用常规健康教育,智能化组为智能化健康教育模型组,使用My结构化查询语言MySQL数据库存储和训练数据以及超文本预处理器编写脚本调用智能算法进行数据分析、模型建设和开发,构建智能化健康教育管理模型。每组干预6个月,比较干预前后两组患者的肾功能、血压、血脂、生活质量、疾病应对能力、疾病知晓率的差异,以及干预后干预完成度、血压达标率、满意度和药物依从性的改善情况。采用logistic逐步回归法分析影响高血压合并CKD患者血压达标的影响因素。
    结果 干预6个月,常规组失访3例,智能化组失访1例,以完成全程干预及随访的患纳入分析。两组干预完成度差异无统计学意义88.5%比89.1%,χ2=0.33,P=0.565);智能化组血压达标率293例(86.4%)比247例 (73.2%),χ2=18.510,P<0.001;满意度评分(27.43±1.45比22.97±1.30,t=42.229,P<0.001)、服药依从性评分(6.76±0.33 比 5.22±1.04,t=18.403,P<0.001)均高于常规组。与干预前比较,两组干预后估算的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、社会功能、生理功能、躯体疼痛、生理职能、精力、一般健康状况、精神健康、情感职能评分,面对评分、疾病知晓率均升高(均P<0.05);血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血压、24 h白蛋白排泄率、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、屈服和回避评分降低(均P<0.05)。与常规组比较,智能化组改善更明显(均P>0.05)。logistic 回归分析结果显示,智能化组(OR=0.351,95% CI:0.220~0.558,P<0.001)、两药联用(OR=0.487,95% CI:0.323~0.735,P=0.001)、三药联用(OR=0.286,95% CI:0.164~0.497,P<0.001)、四药联用(OR=0.216,95% CI:0.080~0.589,P=0.003)及运动1~2次/周(OR=0.599,95% CI:0.388~0.926,P=0.021)及运动 ≥ 3次/周(OR=0.375,95% CI:0.219~0.645,P<0.001)是高血压合并 CKD 患者血压达标的保护因素。
    结论 智能化模型管理方案能改善高血压合并CKD的治疗效果,是血压达标的保护因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the management effect of an intelligent health education model in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods From January 2021 to January 2023, a total of 680 patients diagnosed with hypertension and CKD at Wuhan Fourth Hospital were enrolled using a blinding scheme of “concealed allocation + blinded statistician”. Patients were randomly divided into a routine group and an intelligent group, with 340 cases in each group. The routine group received conventional health education, while the intelligent group was managed with an intelligent health education model. MySQL database was used for data storage and training, and PHP was applied to script intelligent algorithms for data analysis, model construction, and development. All patients received 6 months of intervention. Renal function, blood pressure, blood lipid, quality of life, disease coping ability, and disease awareness rate were compared before and after intervention between the two groups. Intervention completion rate, blood pressure control rate, satisfaction, and medication compliance after intervention were also evaluated. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing blood pressure control in patients with hypertension and CKD. Results After 6 months of intervention, 3 patients in the routine group and 1 patient in the intelligent group were lost to follow-up; only patients who completed the full intervention and follow-up were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in intervention completion rate between the two groups intelligent group: 339 cases (88.5%), routine group: 337 cases (89.1%), χ2=0.33, P=0.565. The intelligent group had a higher blood pressure control rate 293 cases (86.4%) vs 247 cases (73.2%), χ2=18.510, P<0.001, higher satisfaction score (27.43±1.45 vs 22.97±1.30, t=42.229, P<0.001), and higher medication adherence score (6.76±0.33 vs 5.22±1.04, t=18.403, P<0.001) than the routine group. Compared with baseline, both groups showed significant increases in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), scores of social function, physical function, bodily pain, physical role functioning, vitality, general health, mental health, emotional role functioning, confrontation score, and disease awareness rate (all P<0.05), as well as significant decreases in serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, blood pressure, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), resignation, and avoidance scores (all P<0.05). Improvements were significantly more pronounced in the intelligent group than in the routine group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression showed that the intelligent model (OR=0.351, 95%CI: 0.220-0.558, P<0.001), two drug combination(OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.323-0.735, P=0.001), three drug combination (OR=0.286, 95%CI: 0.164-0.497, P<0.001), four drug combination (OR=0.216, 95%CI: 0.080-0.589, P=0.003), exercise 1-2 times per week (OR=0.599, 95%CI: 0.388-0.926, P=0.021), and exercise ≥ 3 times per week(OR=0.375, 95%CI: 0.219-0.645, P<0.001) were protective factors for achieving blood pressure control in patients with hypertension and CKD. Conclusion The intelligent model management can improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with hypertension and CKD and serves as a protective factor for blood pressure control.

     

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