东北某地区青少年盐摄入量与高血压的关系

The relationship between salt intake and hypertension in adolescents in an area of Northeast China

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 分析东北某地区青少年盐摄入量与高血压的关系。
    方法 按照整群随机抽样的方法，以学校为单位，在东北某地区18所高中中抽取2所高中，共纳入612名15～17岁青少年为研究对象，采用自制问卷调查收集研究对象的性别、年龄、民族、居住地、高血压家族史等；测量血压、身高、体重，并计算体重指数（BMI），用咀嚼盐阈值片法和随机点尿法估算钠盐摄入量；分析青少年盐摄入量对高血压的影响。
    结果 青少年高血压检出率为26.6%（163/612）。咀嚼盐阈值片测定结果为1号、2号、3号、4号（对应食盐氯化钠含量依次为4.5、6.8、9.1、11.9 g）的青少年高血压检出率分别为19.4%（32/165）、25.8%（57/221）、31.4%（48/153）、35.6%（26/73），组间比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 28.897，P＜0.001）；随机点尿法估算的钠盐摄入量≤7.7、＞7.7～9.3、＞9.3～11.0，＞11.0 g/d的青少年，高血压检出率分别为16.3%（25/153）、22.7%（35/153）、26.7%（41/154）、40.7%（62/152），组间比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 25.089，P＜0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：超重/肥胖（OR = 1.900，95%CI： 1.289～2.799，P=0.001）、高血压家族史（OR = 1.897，95%CI：1.020～3.525，P=0.043）、咀嚼盐阈值片4号（OR = 1.769，95%CI：1.103～3.321，P=0.041）及随机点尿法估算钠盐摄入量＞9.3～11.0 g/d（OR = 1.796，95%CI：1.006～3.027，P=0.048）、钠盐摄入量＞11.0 g/d（OR = 3.574，95%CI：1.947～6.561，P＜0.001）是东北某地区青少年高血压的危险因素。
    结论 东北某地区青少年钠盐摄入量过多与高血压相关。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To study the relationship between salt intake and hypertension among adolescents in an area of Northeast China.
    Methods  According to the method of cluster random sampling, two high schools were selected from 18 high schools in a certain area of Northeast China, and 612 teenagers aged 15–17 were included as the research subjects. Gender, age, nationality, residence and family history of hypertension were collected using self-made questionnaire. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Sodium salt intake was estimated by chewing salt threshold tablets, and random urine sampling. The influence of salt intake on hypertension in adolescents was analyzed.
    Results  The detection rate of hypertension in adolescents was 26.6% (163/612). Among the adolescents with sodium salt intake results of No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No.4 measured by chewing salt threshold tablets (correspond to sodium chloride contents of 4.5, 6.8, 9.1 and 11.9 g respectively), the detection rates of hypertension were 19.4% (32/165), 25.8% (57/221), 31.4% (48/153), and 35.6% (26/73), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among groups (χ2 = 28.897, P ＜ 0.001). Among the adolescents with sodium salt intake of ≤7.7, ＞7.7–9.3, ＞9.3–11.0, ＞11.0 g/d estimated by the random urine spot method, the detection rates of hypertension were 16.3% (25/153), 22.7% (35/153), 26.7% (41/154), and 40.7% (62/152), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among groups (χ2 = 25.089, P ＜ 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that overweight/obesity (OR = 1.900, 95%CI: 1.289–2.799, P = 0.001), family history of hypertension (OR = 1.897, 95%CI: 1.020–3.525, P = 0.043), chewing salt threshold tablet No.4 (OR = 1.769, 95%CI: 1.103–3.321, P = 0.041), estimated sodium intake being ＞9.3–11.0 g/d (OR = 1.796, 95%CI: 1.006–3.027, P = 0.048), and ＞11.0 g/d (OR = 3.574, 95%CI: 1.947–6.561, P＜0.001) were the risk factors for hypertension in adolescents in an area of Northeast China.
    Conclusion Excessive sodium intake is correlated with hypertension in adolescents in an area of Northeast China.

     

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