Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Methods Individuals who participated in the sixth follow-up physical examination of the Kailuan Study from 2018 to 2020 and completed the blood pressure measurement before and after the secondary load test of the power vehicle were included in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartile of immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure. Multiple generalized linear model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Stratified analysis was conducted according to whether the participants had hypertension or not. Results A total of 939 males met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of（36.8±7.8） years and a mean immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure of（132.35±14.83） mmHg. The subjects were grouped according to the quartile of immediate systolic blood pressure after exercise. The branchial-ankle pulse wave velocity（baPWV） of patients in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles was（1 237.98±156.38）,（1 328.31±152.15）,（1 398.65±172.66）, and（1 523.66±235.28） cm/s, respectively（F=99.34, P＜0.01）. In multivariate linear regression analysis, after adjusted for other confounding factors, the levels of immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure positively correlated with baPWV. An increase of 1 mmHg in immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure resulted in an increase of 2.58 cm/s in baPWV（P＜0.01）. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusted for other confounding factors, the risk of arteriosclerosis of the subjects in the highest quartile of immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure was 2.43 times higher than those in the lowest quartile（OR=2.43, 95%CI 1.23-4.82, P=0.01）. Stratified analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the risk of arteriosclerosis between the highest quartile and the lowest quartile in hypertensivs（P＞0.05）, while in normotensives, the risk of arteriosclerosis in the highest quartile was 4.98 times higher than the lowest quartile（OR=4.98, 95%CI 2.25-11.02, P＜0.01）. Conclusion Immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure is positively associated with baPWV in young and middle-aged men.