Abstract: Objective To explore the cardiovascular factors related to prognosis in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 366 patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer（110 patients with esophageal cancer and 256 patients with colorectal cancer） in 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent surgical treatment, with or without chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The end-point events were defined as all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, heart failure requiring hospitalization and stroke, and the time of the first occurrence of endpoint was obtained by telephone follow-up. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the related cardiovascular risk factors affecting the prognosis. Results After a median follow-up of 50 months, 115 patients developed outcomes events. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival rate without endpoint events in patients with esophageal cancer was significantly lower than that in patients with colorectal cancer（Log-rank, χ~2=3.965, P=0.046）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the history of coronary heart disease（HR=2.622,95%CI 1.570-4.377, P＜0.001）,preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio（NLR）（HR=1.166, 95%CI 1.054-1.291, P=0.003）, body mass index（BMI）（HR=0.939, 95%CI 0.886-0.995, P=0.034）, serum albumin（HR=0.950, 95%CI 0.904-0.999, P=0.044） and TNM stage（stage Ⅲ: HR=1.669, 95%CI 1.129-2.469, P=0.010） were influencing factors for endpoint events in patients with esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer; NLR（HR=1.392, 95%CI 1.166-1.661, P＜0.001） and radiotherapy（HR=0.380, 95%CI 0.167-0.863, P=0.021） were influencing factors for endpoint events in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer; previous history of coronary heart disease（HR=2.744, 95%CI 1.473-5.114, P=0.001） and TNM stage（stage Ⅲ: HR=1.852, 95%CI 1.116-3.074, P=0.017） were associated with endpoint events in patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusions BMI, NLR and previous history of coronary heart disease were associated with endpoint events in patients with esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. High levels of NLR increased the risk of endpoint events in postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. Previous history of coronary heart disease increased the risk of endpoint events in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.