Abstract:
Hypertension is one of the most important and modifiable risk factors in the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. Its development, progression, and associated adverse outcomes demonstrate pronounced sex-specific and stage-dependent patterns across the female life course. Blood pressure management in women should move beyond fragmented, stage-based care toward the establishment of an integrated, life-course-oriented framework. Growing evidence suggests that adverse intrauterine environments influence long-term blood pressure trajectories and cardiovascular risk through developmental programming. During childhood and adolescence, standardized screening and early intervention are essential to mitigate the future burden of hypertension and target-organ damage. The reproductive and pregnancy periods constitute critical windows for CVD risk stratification and blood pressure management. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy not only affect perinatal outcomes but also function as early indicators of a woman's long-term CVD risk profile. Sustained follow-up in the postpartum and lactation stages supports the timely detection and management of emerging CVD risk factors. The perimenopausal transition, characterized by estrogen decline and concurrent metabolic disturbances, marks a pivotal stage of accelerated blood pressure elevation and CVD risk amplification. In older women, management strategies must emphasize safety, individualization, and comprehensive care in the setting of multimorbidity and frailty. Collectively, establishing an integrated, life-course-oriented framework for blood pressure management in women requires a forward shift in risk identification, strengthened multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuity of care across life stages. This framework promotes a transition from reactive disease treatment to proactive health promotion, providing a structured pathway to improve cardiovascular health outcomes in women.