Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of low-speed walking on blood pressure and heart rate（HR）in normotensive and hypertensive subjects and its neuroendocrine mechanism in the real-world study.Methods The study included two parts. In the first part,32 normotensive young volunteers were recruited,in which 32 subjects took part in the low-intensity exercisea 3-kilometer low-speed walk for（49±4）min,24 subjects took part in the medium-intensity exercisea 3-kilometer high-speed walk for（32±2）minand 9 subjects who have the gym exercise habits took part in high-intensity exercise（comprehensive exercise for 1 hin gymnasium）.The resting blood pressure and HR were measured in sitting position before walking（pre-walk baseline values）,immediate and 5-as well as 10-min after walking（post-walk）.Estimated myocardial oxygen consumption was calculated as the HR timed by the systolic blood pressure.Urine samples were collected before and after walking for urine routine and determination ofβ-endorphin.In the second part,30 hypertensives and 24 age-matched（20-86 years）normotensive volunteers were enrolled and had a 3-kilometer low-speed walk.The pre-walk/post-walk resting pressure and HR taken as mentioned above.Urine samples were collected forβ-endorphin and growth hormone determination. Results After 3-kilometer low-speed walking,resting blood pressure,HR and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption reduced significantly within 10 min post-walk in normotensive young volunteers10 min after walk vs pre-walk values:systolic blood pressure（108±8）vs（115±8）mm Hg,HR（70±11）vs（76±12）beats/min,estimated myocardial oxygen consumption（7225±1189）vs（8690±1633）mm Hg·beats/min,all P＜0.01,but increased immediately after high-speed walkingimmediately after walk vs pre-walk values:systolic blood pressure（115±11）vs（110±10）mm Hg,HR（89±18）vs（73±10）beats/min,estimated myocardial oxygen consumption（9151±2374）vs（7230±1368）mm Hg·beats/min,all P＜0.01.Hypertensive subjects who had the 3-kilometer low-speed walking also showed reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as lowered resting HR and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption within 10 min post-walk10 min after walk vs pre-walk values:systolic blood pressure（125±11）vs（133±9）mm Hg,HR（73±10）vs（78±12）beats/min,estimated myocardial oxygen consumption（8469±2075）vs（9523±2216）mm Hg·beats/min,all P＜0.01,while the upright HR and estimated myocardial oxygen consumption during low-speed walking remained relatively unchanged.In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects,the low-speed walking for 3-kilometer increased 1-hour urineβ-endorphin output（P＜0.05 as compared with baseline values）but not growth hormone. Conclusion Low-speed walking with sufficient distance revealed pressure-lowering and HR-lowering effects that might be related partly to enhancedβ-endorphin release.