Abstract: Objective To examine the relationships between central retinal vascular caliber and cardiovascular risk factors in a Fujian coastal population. Methods It was a cross-section study involving 2169subjects（812male and 1357female）,aged from 30.0to 90.0years old（average 51.9±11.9）. A series of surveys were conducted to access subjects cardiovascular risk factors and to have their fundus photographs taken. Semi-automatic software was used to quantitatively analyze central retinal vascular caliber and one-way analysis of variance,analysis of covariance and Logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationships between central retinal vascular caliber and blood pressure level;as well as other cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean central retinal arteriolar equivalent（CRAE）was（134.1±11.1）μm,and the mean central retinal venular equivalent（CRVE）was（184.0±16.6）μm. Trend test showed that smaller CRAE was related to higher mean arterial pressure（MABP）;smaller CRVE to larger pulse pressure（PP）. The Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that increasing MABP was a risk factor for the narrowing of central retinal artery,and the decreasing CRAE had negative correlations with both smoking and female gender（respectivelyβ=-0.307,-0.427,all P＜0.05）. The increases in age and MABP were risk factors for the decreasing of CRVE,and the decreasing CRVE had negative correlations with both smoking and the rise of hemoglobin A1c（HbA1c）（respectivelyβ=-0.428,-0.226,all P＜0.05）. Conclusions The central retinal artery narrowing was associated with higher blood pressure level. Retinal vascular caliber may reflect the effects of cardiovascular risk factors on capillaries.