Predictive effect of interleukin-1β on all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective  To evaluate the predictive effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods A total of 331 patients admitted to Chest Pain Center of Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University for AMI from September 2022 to October 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were classified into four groups according to the quartile of the serum IL-1β. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to examine the correlation between IL-1β and the risk of all-cause mortality.

Results After a median follow-up of 13 months, 24 (7.3%) individuals experienced all-cause mortality. There were 3 (3.7%), 2 (2.4%), 3 (3.6%) and 16 (19.5%) deaths in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile group respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that compared with the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quartile groups, the number of all-cause mortality in the 4th quartile group increased (log-rank test P=0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusted for other factors, compared to the patients in the 1st quartile group, the patients in the 4th quartile group were at the highest risk of all-cause mortality (HR=5.82; 95%CI 1.45–23.30; P=0.013). RCS analysis showed that IL-1β was linearly associated with all-course mortality risk (P_overall＜0.001, P_nonlinear=0.421). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) of IL-1β for prediction of all-cause mortality was 0.774 (95%CI 0.626–0.881), with a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 91.2%.

Conclusions IL-1β is significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AMI. IL-1β can predict the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with AMI.