Research progress on dapagliflozin for improving vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients with specific indications

Dapagliflozin, as a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, improves vascular endothelial function through multiple mechanisms, including enhancing endothelium-dependent vasodilation, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-atherosclerotic effects, and improving mitochondrial function. Both animal model studies and human clinical trials have confirmed its positive impact on endothelial function. However, the efficacy of dapagliflozin is heterogeneous, influenced by population-specific differences, different complication backgrounds and treatment conditions. This article aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of dapagliflozin on the function of vascular endothelial cells in patients with hypertension and its clinical significance, analyze its mechanism of action, clinical evidence, as well as the controversies and challenges it faces in improving endothelial function, in order to achieve individualized and precise treatment of hypertension and promote the transformation of hypertension treatment from simple blood pressure control to comprehensive vascular health management.